{"id":25981295,"date":"2025-12-19T07:03:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nutagen.com\/jakou-roli-hraje-umela-inteligence-pri-prodluzovani-delky-zivota-ve-zdravi\/"},"modified":"2025-12-19T07:03:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:03:29","slug":"jakou-roli-hraje-umela-inteligence-pri-prodluzovani-delky-zivota-ve-zdravi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/jakou-roli-hraje-umela-inteligence-pri-prodluzovani-delky-zivota-ve-zdravi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jakou roli hraje um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence p\u0159i prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota ve zdrav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence d\u011bl\u00e1 exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pokroky, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety nebyl projekt zastaven\u00ed a zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eskute\u010dnou v\u011bdu\u201c, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e za nevyhnutelnou a trvalou sou\u010d\u00e1st lidsk\u00e9 existence. Nejednalo se o nemoc, ale o n\u00e1chylnost k nemocem, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasem zvy\u0161uje a nelze ji zvr\u00e1tit. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili opak, byli l\u00e9ka\u0159skou komunitou v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 outsidery, v nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b za pochybn\u00e9 \u0161arlat\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Podez\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zcela nezmizelo, ale st\u00e1le v\u00edce se investuje do boje proti st\u00e1rnut\u00ed samotn\u00e9mu, a nikoli pouze do nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se s v\u011bkem objevuj\u00ed \u2013 jako je rakovina, infarkt myokardu a Alzheimerova choroba. Nap\u0159\u00edklad (po letech \u00fasil\u00ed) bylo dosa\u017eeno financov\u00e1n\u00ed a schv\u00e1len\u00ed studie TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) (metformin je l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed 60 lety schv\u00e1len pro l\u00e9\u010dbu cukrovky).<\/p>\n

Projekt je \u0161estiletou celost\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00e9ri\u00ed klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch ve 14 p\u0159edn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00edch v USA, kter\u00fdch se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 000 osob ve v\u011bku 65 a\u017e 79 let. Pod veden\u00edm Dr. Nira Barzilaiho tyto studie zkoumaj\u00ed, zda u osob u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch metformin doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zpomalen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje nebo progrese chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s v\u011bkem, jako jsou srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby, rakovina a demence. Neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinky na st\u00e1rnut\u00ed budou masivn\u00ed, ale l\u00e9k je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a projekt je alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b cvi\u010den\u00edm, jak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit l\u00e9ka\u0159skou a v\u011bdeckou komunitu, aby brala st\u00e1rnut\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011bji.<\/p>\n

AI a hodiny st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f zm\u011bny p\u0159\u00edstupu ke st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed modern\u00edch technik um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na hlubok\u00fdch neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a takzvan\u00e9ho posiluj\u00edc\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed (reinforcement learning). Neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jsou algoritmy, kter\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed data vrstvami, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 vrstva p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 data z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vrstvy jako vstup a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdstup dal\u0161\u00ed vrstv\u011b. V\u00fdstupy nejsou nutn\u011b bin\u00e1rn\u00ed (pouze zapnuto nebo vypnuto), ale mohou b\u00fdt hodnoceny. Algoritmy posiluj\u00edc\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed sv\u016fj postup podle zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby ze sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f AI k v\u011bd\u011b o st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je v\u00fdvoj takzvan\u00fdch hodin st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/a>hodin st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (aging clocks). Tyto \u201ehodiny\u201c pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak proti n\u011bmu bojovat. V roce 2013 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil profesor Steve Horvath<\/a> z Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Los Angeles skeptick\u00fd sv\u011bt, \u017ee biomarkery na 353 m\u00edstech DNA \u0159et\u011bzce mohou p\u0159esn\u011b \u201ep\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt\u201c (odhadnout) v\u011bk \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 souvislosti mezi indik\u00e1tory a v\u011bkem \u010dlov\u011bka zat\u00edm nejsou jasn\u00e9, ale p\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ve zdravotnictv\u00ed Alex Zhavoronkov se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, kter\u00e1 je tr\u00e9nov\u00e1na na p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku na z\u00e1klad\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdch typ\u016f biologick\u00fdch dat, se u\u010d\u00ed biologii. Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee n\u00e1m tato um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u010dasem pom\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe pochopit, jak st\u00e1rnut\u00ed funguje.<\/p>\n

Co je st\u00e1rnut\u00ed?<\/h3>\n

Neexistuje jednotn\u00fd konsenzus ohledn\u011b povahy st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, ale lze jej popsat jako kumulativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky na\u0161eho metabolismu na na\u0161e t\u011blo. Metabolismus je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se potraviny p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na energii a l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebujeme, jako jsou b\u00edlkoviny a jin\u00e9 molekuly. Je to tak\u00e9 proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se vylu\u010duj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy odpadn\u00edch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

\u0160kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 metabolismem v na\u0161em t\u011ble je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it v mnohem men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, a to na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Mezi v\u011bdci zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm se obecn\u011b ust\u00e1lilo dev\u011bt znak\u016f<\/a> souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s procesem st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich spolu souvis\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky ztuhnou, jin\u00e9 zakrn\u00ed; n\u011bkter\u00e9 se mno\u017e\u00ed, kdy\u017e by nem\u011bly, a jin\u00e9 p\u0159estanou mno\u017eit, kdy\u017e by m\u011bly. N\u011bkter\u00e9 trp\u00ed mutacemi v mal\u00fdch bateri\u00edch ve sv\u00fdch j\u00e1drech (mitochondri\u00edch); jin\u00e9 jsou zapln\u011bny odpadem, a to jak uvnit\u0159, tak v meziprostorech. De Grey tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy n\u00e1pravy v\u0161ech t\u011bchto typ\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed zn\u00e1me ji\u017e dlouho, ale \u010f\u00e1bel se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v detailech, a tyto detaily jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9. P\u0159i rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to slo\u017eitosti m\u016f\u017ee pomoci um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence.<\/p>\n

Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v oblasti anti-agingu je britsk\u00fd v\u011bdec a zakladatel SENS Research Foundation, Aubrey de Grey<\/a>. De Grey zah\u00e1jil svou kari\u00e9ru v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, ne\u017e se rozhodl, \u017ee boj proti st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00ed AI. Dlouhodob\u011b zast\u00e1v\u00e1 my\u0161lenku, \u017ee medic\u00edna brzy bude schopna darovat n\u00e1m v\u0161em za ka\u017ed\u00fd pro\u017eit\u00fd rok jeden rok \u017eivota nav\u00edc, tak\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s by ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159estala st\u00e1rnout. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 to \u201eLongevity Escape Velocity\u201c (rychlost \u00faniku dlouhov\u011bkosti) a vzhledem k nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b pov\u011bdom\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee existuje 50% \u0161ance, \u017ee tohoto c\u00edle bude dosa\u017eeno do roku 2035. <\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 d\u00e9lka \u017eivota a d\u00e9lka \u017eivota ve zdrav\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Jin\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota, ale prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky zdrav\u00ed<\/a>, tj. doby, po kterou \u017eijeme bez nemoci. Poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00famrtnosti, zejm\u00e9na v posledn\u00edm p\u016flstolet\u00ed, dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ilo finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, proto\u017ee se prodlou\u017eila d\u00e9lka \u017eivota, ani\u017e by se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem prodlou\u017eila d\u00e9lka \u017eivota ve zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti se tyto c\u00edle vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podporuj\u00ed a nevylu\u010duj\u00ed se. Prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota ve zdrav\u00ed bez prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nemoc\u00ed spojen\u00fdch se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm, a to samotn\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Agenti AI<\/h3>\n

V\u011bdci st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenci k identifikaci a v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f. A v dalek\u00e9 budoucnosti budou existovat personalizovan\u00ed agenti AI, kte\u0159\u00ed budou zkoumat vlastnosti na\u0161eho t\u011bla \u2013 na\u0161e genetick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, mikrobiom atd. Budou n\u00e1m radit a motivovat n\u00e1s ke zm\u011bn\u011b na\u0161eho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, pohybu a sp\u00e1nku. Budou vyv\u00edjet digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dvoj\u010data, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed modely ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s jako individu\u00e1ln\u00edch a jedine\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f.<\/p>\n

Bl\u00edzk\u00e1 a vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 budoucnost<\/h3>\n

Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech diskus\u00ed o dopadech um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u016fstat realistick\u00fd, pokud jde o \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec. Jsme teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku na\u0161\u00ed cesty s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed a jsme je\u0161t\u011b daleko od \u00fapln\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed a zastaven\u00ed mechanism\u016f st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v\u0161ak d\u011bl\u00e1 exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pokroky a tento druh zlep\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u011bhem jedn\u00e9 nebo dvou dek\u00e1d v\u00e9st k \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed rady pro n\u00e1s v\u0161echny v podstat\u011b stejn\u00e9, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1m d\u00e1valy na\u0161e babi\u010dky. Tina Woods pro svou knihu \u201eLive Longer With AI\u201c (\u017dijte d\u00e9le s AI) rozhovory s 30 pr\u016fkopn\u00edky v\u011bdy a technologie a p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee jejich rady jsou konzistentn\u00ed a jednoduch\u00e9 \u2013 jezte dob\u0159e a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011b, ale ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho. Pravideln\u011b cvi\u010dte a dostate\u010dn\u011b sp\u011bte. Zajist\u011bte, aby v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot m\u011bl smysl a byl obohacen pevn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edmi. Kdo se t\u00edm bude \u0159\u00eddit a je dostate\u010dn\u011b mlad\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee se skute\u010dn\u011b do\u017e\u00edt velmi vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

Reference<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. TAME – Targeting Aging with Metformin – American Federation for Aging Research<\/em>. (o. D.). American Federation for Aging Research. https:\/\/www.afar.org\/tame-trial<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Moonburn Creative. (2023, 4. Mai). Home – SENS Research Foundation<\/em>. SENS Research Foundation. https:\/\/www.sens.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum st\u00e1rnut\u00ed: od hodin st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed a\u017e po personalizovan\u00e9 agenty um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence se c\u00edl porozum\u011bt st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a zpomalit ho poprv\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdeckou realitou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25981294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25981295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-proti-starnuti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25981295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25981295"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25981295\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25981294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25981295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25981295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nutagen.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25981295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}